开槽对大跨悬挑平屋盖结构风荷载的影响

本文结合一大跨悬挑平屋盖模型的风洞试验研究，分析了此类结构屋盖的平均局部体型系数和极值局部体型系数的分布特性；并根据其风压的分布特性，提出在悬挑屋盖承受较大负压的屋檐和角点附近这些遇强风易发生破坏的部位采取开槽气动抗风措施，进一步研究了该气动抗风措施对大跨悬挑平屋盖结构风荷载的影响，试验结果显示，它们可以有效地削减屋盖风敏感处的风荷载值，使平均局部体型系数大约降低50％，极值局部体型系数大约降低25％，所得的这些结果对于结构的抗风设计有一定的指导意义。     

孔洞裂纹问题的一种数值方法

研究孔洞与裂纹的相互作用问题,通过把适于单一裂纹的Bueckner原理扩充到含有多孔洞多裂纹的一般体系,将原问题分解为承受远处载荷不含裂纹不含孔洞的均匀问题,和在远处不承受载荷但在裂纹面上和孔洞表面上承受面力的多孔洞多裂纹问题.于是,以应力强度因子作为参量的问题可以通过考虑后者来解决,而利用笔者提出的杂交位移不连续法,这种多孔洞多裂纹问题是容易数值求解的.算例说明该数值方法对分析平面弹性介质中孔洞与裂纹的相互作用既简单又有效.     

Variation of the stress intensity factor along the front of a 3-D rectangular crack subjected to mixed-mode load

Summary  The singular integral equation method is applied to the calculation of the stress intensity factor at the front of a rectangular crack subjected to mixed-mode load. The stress field induced by a body force doublet is used as a fundamental solution. The problem is formulated as a system of integral equations with r ⁻³-singularities. In solving the integral equations, unknown functions of body-force densities are approximated by the product of polynomial and fundamental densities. The fundamental densities are chosen to express two-dimensional cracks in an infinite body for the limiting cases of the aspect ratio of the rectangle. The present method yields rapidly converging numerical results and satisfies boundary conditions all over the crack boundary. A smooth distribution of the stress intensity factor along the crack front is presented for various crack shapes and different Poisson's ratio. Received 5 March 2002; accepted for publication 2 July 2002     

残余应力对压力容器破坏模式的影响分析

破前漏(简称LBB)是压力容器、核电站设备结构设计与评价中的一个重要准则.表面裂纹准静态扩展的几何形貌变化规律的预测是破前漏(LBB)评判十分重要的课题之一.本文对特定焊接残余应力场加载作用下,含三维表面裂纹的压力容器模型,用有限元软件(ABAQUS)进行了表面裂纹准静态扩展模拟计算,得到在此残余应力场作用下应力强度因子沿裂纹前缘的分布规律.结合外载引起的应力强度因子,就可以判别裂纹的扩展形貌,从而判断结构是否满足LBB要求.     

多层材料结构的界面裂纹尖端复应力强度因子

本文建立了一种多层材料复合结构的界面裂纹问题分析模型。当两种材料之间插入第三种薄层弹性材料,裂纹位于第三种材料与第一或第二种弹性材料的界面上,且插页材料3~#的厚度相对于裂纹尺寸或平面内其他尺寸很小时,可以得到该问题裂纹尖端的复应力强度因子通式。本文用有限元法对结果进行了数值验证,并进行了有关问题的讨论。     

Electric fields in the rheology of disperse systems

In the present survey, the influence of electric fields on the structure and rheological properties of disperse systems as well as the effect of deformations on their electrical characteristics are discussed. The properties of these systems are considered in terms of the dielectric permittivity and electrification potential. The considerable thickness of the double electric layer around the disperse phase particles, which is characteristic of disperse systems with nonpolar hydrocarbon dispersion media, provides the possibility for strong electric fields to produce an electric nonuniformity on the surface of the disperse phase particles. The formation of hydrate layers on the particles creates the possibility of polarization of the disperse phase. In plastic disperse systems such as greases, a strong orientation effect is observed, which contributes to the creation of frozen flow patterns when the flow is suddenly stopped. The survey is concluded with a consideration of the process of formation of chain structures in the direction of the lines of force of the electric field whose orientation is normal to the direction of flow, which can lead to complete stoppage of the flow.     

Backscatter factor and absorption ratio of fibrous zirconia media in the visible

Fibrous thermal insulations are widely used to conserve energy in ambient to high temperature applications including buildings, solar collectors, heat exchangers, furnaces and thermal protection systems of reusable launch vehicles. It has long been recognised that zirconia has the lowest thermal conductivity of commercial refractories. The thermal conductivity of a zirconia fibrous medium is strongly dependent of its bulk density; high bulk densities of zirconia fibers provide the most effective insulation at high temperatures. Lee's theory for radiative transfer through fibrous media is used in this paper. The two-flux model is applied to determine the backward and forward parameters of a medium of zirconia fibers oriented in parallel planes. Theoretical calculations of the backscatter factor and absorption ratio of this medium are carried out in the visible spectrum for different size parameters of the fibers and for three different temperatures. Our results show that the backscatter factor of zirconia fibrous insulations is maximum, and therefore the heat transfer by the fibrous medium is the lowest, for a size parameter of 0.45 for all the temperatures studied. We also observed that the backscatter factor decreases with increasing temperature.     

无侧移半刚性连接组合框架的稳定分析:(Ⅰ)柱的有效长度系数方程

本文基于钢结构设计规范GB50017-2003,利用三柱子框架模型,考虑了连接的非线性弯矩-转角关系和楼板组合效应的影响,推导了无侧移半刚性连接组合框架柱的有效长度系数方程式,同时考虑了梁端和柱远端不同约束情况对有效长度系数的影响。另外,分析了GB50017规范附录D表D-1求解的精确性。研究表明,当柱远端刚接时,推导的方程式类似于GB50017规范附录D表D-1给出的无侧移刚接框架柱的有效长度系数计算公式;对于三柱子框架模型,当柱远端铰接时,用GB50017规范附录D表D-1得到的有效长度系数设计柱是不安全的,但最大误差只有11%。     

Stress concentration around a spheroidal crack caused by a harmonic wave incident at an arbitrary angle

A method is proposed to study the stress concentration around a shallow spheroidal crack in an infinite elastic body. The stress concentration is due to the diffraction of a low-frequency plane longitudinal wave by the crack. The direction of wave propagation is established in which the combined concentration of mode I and mode II stresses is maximum __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 70–77, January 2006.     

Propagation of longitudinal elastic waves in composites with a random set of spherical inclusions (effective field approach)

The work is devoted to the problem of plane monochromatic longitudinal wave propagation through a homogeneous elastic medium with a random set of spherical inclusions. The effective field method and quasicrystalline approximation are used for the calculation of the phase velocity and attenuation factor of the mean (coherent) wave field in the composite. The hypotheses of the method reduce the diffraction problem for many inclusions to a diffraction problem for one inclusion and, finally, allow for the derivation of the dispersion equation for the wave vector of the mean wave field in the composite. This dispersion equation serves for all frequencies of the incident field, properties and volume concentrations of inclusions. The long and short wave asymptotics of the solution of the dispersion equation are found in closed analytical forms. Numerical solutions of this equation are constructed in a wide region of frequencies of the incident field that covers long, middle, and short wave regions of propagating waves. The phase velocities and attenuation factors of the mean wave field are calculated for various elastic properties, density, and volume concentrations of the inclusions. Comparisons of the predictions of the method with some experimental data are presented; possible errors of the method are indicated and discussed.